The biometric assessment is the analysis of the fingerprint pattern and ridge count on all ten fingers. Each of the ten fingerprints’ designs or patterns has a surface area. Every fingerprint pattern has papillary ridges which are the sweat pores. Each pattern can also be broken into sub-patterns. All the patterns are based on the ridges. The ridges have three layers and serve various functions: protective barrier, connective tissues, and also serve as an energy reserve. On every ridge, we can see minute details called minutiae which are based on an assessment of the height and symmetry. These lines are called ridges and the ridge pattern and flow can be understood based on each unique pattern. Each of the ten pattern flows can be towards the ulnar bone or the flow can be towards the radial bone. This flow in a particular direction displays behavior traits of inclusiveness or exclusiveness. Each fingerprint pattern also has a core and a delta. The Core refers to the center of the pattern which is the focal point around which the ridges flow. The core of the fingerprint may be an obvious point at the center of the patterns, or it might be more distorted or ambiguous. The delta on a finger is the area of friction ridge skin where ridge paths flow in three different directions to create a triangular pattern. These patterns appear similar to that of a lake or river deltas: areas where the flow diverges. Deltas are not often well-defined triangles but are instead ambiguous areas of ridge flow.
The FBI manual
defines a delta as “that point on a ridge at or nearest to the point of
divergence of two type lines, and located at or directly in front of the point
of divergence.” Type lines are the two friction ridges, either continuous or
broken, that diverge from the delta in opposite directions and surround the
main pattern. If the ridge forming the type line is broken, the type line
continues with the neighboring ridge away from the core. The midpoint of the
delta is located where the two type lines divide, or immediately in front of
that point (nearest to the core). The
ridge count proceeds to the core.
Once the delta and
the core are identified the intervening ridges can be counted. Before analyzing
fingerprints, it is of utmost importance to look at the consistency, quality,
flow, pattern type, quantity count, clarity, and minutiae of each pattern. This
will give us a clear picture of the energy flow of the person and also will
influence the way a person behaves and their style of thinking, feeling, and
acting too. This will give us an understanding of the impressions on the mind
too.
Hence, once the
fingerprint pattern is identified, the next step is to count the ridges on each
of the patterns identified on all ten fingers. Before counting the ridges it’s
crucial to first locate the core and the delta in each pattern.
Delta – The Point of
Divergence
The delta, which is
roughly a triangular formation in the pattern, is the point of divergence
(The delta on a
finger is an area of friction ridge skin where ridge paths flow in three
different directions to create a triangular pattern. These patterns appear
similar to a lake or river deltas: areas where the flow diverges. Deltas are
not often well-defined triangles but are instead ambiguous areas of ridge flow.
The FBI manual defines a delta as “that point on a ridge at or nearest to the
point of divergence of two type lines, and located at or directly in front of
the point of divergence.” Type lines are the two friction ridges, either
continuous or broken, that diverge from the delta in opposite directions and surround
the main pattern. If the ridge forming the type line is broken, the type line
continues with the neighboring ridge away from the core. The midpoint of the
delta is located where the two type lines divide, or immediately in front of that
point (nearest to the core). The ridge count proceeds to the core.
Core – The Point of
Convergence
The Centre point of
convergence of the pattern within the loop is called the core. The center point
can be one or two. Loops, spirals, and targets have a single core, while double
loops have two cores.
The ridges are
calculated between the delta and the core which lie on either side of the
finger. Once the delta and the core are identified the intervening ridges can
be counted. Before analyzing fingerprints, it is of utmost importance to look
at the consistency, quality, flow, pattern type, quantity count, clarity, and
minutiae. This will give us a clear picture of the energy flow of the person
and also will influence his style of thinking, feeling, and acting too. This
will give us a clue into the impressions on the mind too.
When the ridges are
more on the thumb side (count from delta to core) than the little side it is
called an Ulnar flow. While if the
ridges on the little finger side are more than the side towards the thumb then
it is said to be radial flow. The ridges are calculated from the delta to the core
on both sides. The dominant ridges are taken as the predominant nature of that
pattern.
